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Else Ury (November 1, 1877 in Berlin; – January 13, 1943 in the Auschwitz concentration camp) was a German writer and children's book author. Her best-known character is the blonde doctor's daughter Annemarie Braun, whose life from childhood to old age is told in the ten volumes of the highly successful ''Nesthäkchen'' series. The books, the six-part TV series Nesthäkchen (1983), based on the first three volumes, as well as the new DVD edition (2005) caught the attention of millions of readers and viewers. During Ury's lifetime ''Nesthäkchen und der Weltkrieg'' (''Nesthäkchen and the World War''), the fourth volume, was the most popular. Else Ury was a member of the German ''Bürgertum'' (middle class). She was pulled between patriotic German citizenship and Jewish cultural heritage. This situation is reflected in her writings, although the ''Nesthäkchen'' books make no references to Judaism.〔Lüke, Martina. “Else Ury – A Representative of the German-Jewish ''Bürgertum''. Not an Essence but a Positioning”: German-Jewish Women Writers 1900-38. Eds. Godela Weiss-Sussex and Andrea Hammel. Martin Meidenbauer Verlag: München, 2009 and Institute of Germanic & Romance Studies; School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2009 (Publication of the Institute of Germanic Studies, 93). 77-93.〕 ==Life== Else Ury was born in Berlin on 1 November 1877, into a family of Jewish merchants. Her happy childhood and her life with the extended families Ury and Heymann provided the loving environment and inspiration to write her books. The prosperous bourgeois household with cook, governess, housemaid, doorman and impressive furniture which is described by Else Ury in her Nesthäkchen series or in Studierte Mädel (1906) is a direct reflection of her life in Berlin, particularly after moving to the Kantstraße in Charlottenburg, and later on to Kaiserdamm. While her father Emil (1835–1920) became a successful merchant, her mother Franziska Ury (1847-1940) represented the German Bildungsbürgertum (educated middle class). Franziska passed her interest in classic and modern literature, the arts and music on to her children. Sustained by these concepts of Bildung (education), Else Ury’s siblings started successful middle class careers: Ludwig (1870–1963) became a lawyer, Hans (1873–1937) a medical doctor and Käthe (1881–1944), before getting married and starting a family, planned to train as a teacher. Else, however, despite attending the Lyzeum Königliche Luisenschule, chose not to pursue a profession. She started writing, under a pen name, for the Vossische Zeitung. In 1905 her first book, ''Was das Sonntagskind Erlauscht'' (What the Lucky Child Heard), was published by the Globus Verlag. This collection of thirty-eight moral tales promotes pedagogical ideals such as loyalty, honesty and faithfulness. Ury’s subsequent book Goldblondchen (1908) earned her an honorary remark by the influential Jugendschriftenwarte and a further five publications built on this success, until eventually the Nesthäkchen series was published between 1918 and 1925 and made her a famous author. With over thirty-nine books Else Ury was not only one of the most productive female writers of her time, she was also one of the most successful. The combination of an educated mind, humour and compassionate femininity made her books into bestsellers and she was highly celebrated. On her fiftieth birthday, on 1 November 1927, for instance, her publisher, Meidigers Jugendschriftenverlag, honoured her with a large reception at the famous Hotel Adlon. Her writing made Else Ury rich. Not by an inheritance from her well-to-do father, but from her own earnings, she acquired a vacation home in Krümmhubel (Karpacz) in the Riesengebirge. She dubbed the home Haus Nesthäkchen. By 1933 Ury had received 250,000 RM royalties for Nesthäkchen and another series, Professor’s Twins, an astronomical sum at the nadir of the Great Depression. Millions of her fans bought her books, heard them read on the radio, attended her receptions, and read her newspaper columns. In the Weimar Republic Else Ury had achieved superstar status.〔(Sarah Maria Brech. Als Deutsche "Nesthäkchens" Mutter ermordeten. Die Zeit 13Jan 2013 )〕 As a Jew during the Holocaust, Ury was barred from publishing, stripped of her possessions, deported to Auschwitz and gassed the day she arrived. Of the 1,000 people on the transport from Berlin, January 13, 1943, 873 people were judged unfit for work, sent straight to the Auschwitz gas chamber and never registered. Hardly anyone knew at the time that the Germans on this day had murdered one of their most famous writers. After the war, Ury’s books were re-published, as if nothing had happened. The Nesthäkchen series, issued by Hoch Verlag, appeared in 1952, and was easily edited. The first volume was entitled, "Nesthäkchen and her Dolls." The only significant alteration: The fourth volume, "Nesthäkchen and the World War" (referring to the First World War), was not reprinted. A short final chapter in the third volume summarized the events of the fourth volume to provide continuity of the series. The remaining nine volumes have been repeatedly reprinted, their total circulation more than seven million copies. When ZDF, the German public-service television broadcaster, filmed the beginning of the series as a 1983 Christmas show, "Nesthäkchen" had become an immortal figure in German children's literature. In 2005, the ZDF programs were issued on DVD.〔 Curiously, the German public hardly knew the fate of the famous author. This changed in 1993, when Marianne Brentzel published her Ury biography with the shocking title, "Nesthäkchen arrives in the Concentration Camp." Memorials in Berlin and Karpacz (the location of her vacation home) carry many reminders of Else Ury. On her vacation home, located in Poland today, is emblazoned the title "Dom Nesthäkchen (the Nesthäkchen House)." After the war the "Jew house" in Berlin-Moabit, Solingerstraße 10, her last Berlin residence before she was deported to Auschwitz, was demolished. An elevated memorial paving stone was laid in front, which reminds passers by of Else Ury and her fellow Holocaust victims. And in her beloved Charlottenburg, where she lived most of her life, an S-Bahn arch is named after her. A cenotaph in Berlin's Weissensee Jewish Cemetery (Jüdischer Friedhof Weißensee) commemorates her as well. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Else Ury」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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